The typhoid vaccine is actually very effective so it's important to get it if you are traveling to an area where typhoid is endemic (basically anywhere in the developing world). If you don't get the vaccine, consider that there is drug-resistant typhoid in many (most) parts of the world. This greatly reduces the effectiveness of any antibiotics you may be able to take after becoming infected. Second, consider that if you become infected you will be a carrier who can then transmit it to others. Help break that cycle. Lastly, you should remember that just because you've had typhoid fever before or been vaccinated that doesn't mean you are immune now. Immunity wears off over time. You likely need a booster if it's been a few years.
Having said that, there are several steps you can take to avoid typhoid fever:
Get vaccinated: The most effective way to prevent typhoid fever is to get the typhoid vaccine. There are two types of typhoid vaccines available, an injectable vaccine and an oral vaccine. Talk to your travel health specialist about which type of vaccine is right for you.
Wash your hands: Washing your hands frequently with soap and water is an important step in preventing the spread of typhoid fever. Be sure to wash your hands before eating or preparing food, after using the bathroom, and after touching potentially contaminated objects.
Avoid contaminated food and water: Typhoid fever is often spread through contaminated food and water. To avoid infection, avoid drinking tap water, and avoid eating raw or undercooked meat, seafood, or eggs. Be sure to only eat fruits and vegetables that have been thoroughly washed or peeled.
Practice good hygiene: Practicing good hygiene is important in preventing the spread of typhoid fever. Be sure to cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, and dispose of tissues properly. If you are sick with typhoid fever, stay home from work or school until you are no longer contagious.
Be aware of the risk: If you are traveling to an area where typhoid fever is common, be aware of the risk and take additional precautions to avoid infection. Talk to your healthcare provider about any additional measures you should take, such as taking antibiotics or avoiding certain foods.
By following these steps, you can help reduce your risk of contracting typhoid fever.